Mexico: Mayans, Aztecs & Conquistadors

The adventure begins in Mexico City, one of the most exciting capital cities in the world. Take time to settle into the hotel before our welcome briefing this evening.

Accommodation: Hotel Royal Reforma (or similar)

The adventure begins in Mexico City, one of the most exciting capital cities in the world. Take time to settle into the hotel before our welcome briefing this evening.

Accommodation: Hotel Royal Reforma (or similar)

Today we explore the bohemian side of Mexico City. We start by making our way to the south of the city and a particular house hidden behind cobalt blue walls known as Casa Azul. This is where artist Frida Kahlo was born, grew up and, eventually, lived with her muralist husband, Diego Rivera, until she died in 1954 at the age of 47. Now a museum, the colonial house, set around a luxuriant garden, showcases the collections and personal effects of the two great artists and provides a window into the life of affluent Mexican bohemians in the first half of the 20th century.

Next, we visit the quaint neighbourhood of Coyoacan (meaning place of coyotes) with its pebbled streets, colonial churches, bustling little markets and quiet squares. This area was inhabited before the arrival of the Spanish and it is said conquistador Hernan Cortes made this the first capital of New Spain.

Finally, we enjoy a relaxing ride on a pre-Hispanic boat along the Xochimilco canals. These scenic waterways would have been used by the Aztecs and today see us enjoying a relaxing journey past floating gardens and little floating kitchens selling local food. We return to our hotel in the late afternoon.

Accommodation: Hotel Royal Reforma (or similar)

The ancient city of Teotihuacan reached its zenith around 1,000 CE when it was the sixth-biggest city in the world with a population of about 125,000. Among the avenues and structures are the pyramids of the Sun and the Moon, the third and fourth largest pyramids in the world. We explore this impressive archaeological zone with an expert local guide.

Returning to Mexico City, we visit the historic centre on a walking tour. Our exploration starts in the main square, known as the Zócalo, but officially named the Plaza de la Constitución. It was an important gathering place for the Aztecs, and remains so in modern Mexico, often hosting book fairs and concerts. On the north side of the Zócalo is the Cathedral Metropolitana, the largest cathedral in the Americas. It was constructed over the Aztec temple, the Templo Mayor, as a sign the Spanish were now in power. Our tour finishes outside the Palacio de Bellas Artes. Construction of this massive neoclassical building began in 1904, on the remains of the Santa Isabel convent, under the Italian architect Boari. It has an art nouveau style and its facade is made of marble from Carrara.

Accommodation: Hotel Royal Reforma (or similar)

Before leaving Mexico City, we visit the Museum of Anthropology with its impressive collection of artefacts from the many civilisations of Mexico. We continue to the Palacio Nacional*, which not only contains the offices of the president, the Federal Treasury and the National Archives, but also murals depicting pre-Hispanic life and a large mural filling the central stairway depicting the entire history of Mexico from the conquest on.

Starting our journey south, we head towards the city of Puebla (about 2hr 30min). In the late afternoon, we arrive in Puebla de los Angeles, the City of Angels, named after a legend in which angels came from heaven to place bells in the cathedral towers when builders were unable to do so. The colonial city is known for its traditions, especially its handicrafts, including blue-and-white pottery, and its cuisine, which is considered among the best in Mexico.

*The Palacio Nacional occasionally closes at short notice due to official events involving the president.

Accommodation: Hotel Colonial Puebla (or similar)

We spend this morning exploring Puebla, which has been named a Unesco World Heritage site for its colonial architecture. We visit the Patio de los Azulejos and the ex-Convent of Santa Rosa, both of which provide classic examples of how talavera tiles were incorporated into buildings, inside and out. Early settlers who came from Talavera de la Reina in Spain introduced these tiles and associated ceramics. Today the glazed pottery has become synonymous with Puebla.

After our city tour, we drive (about 4hr 30min) to Oaxaca, another Unesco-badged city. With a colonial centre of shaded pedestrian streets, indigenous traditions and a creative atmosphere, Oaxaca has attracted and inspired many artists and artisans alike.

The city has such sights as the beautiful zocalo (main square), the cathedral and the vast Convento de Santo Domingo, along with museums, fascinating markets and charming inns.

Accommodation: Hotel Oaxaca Real or Hotel Victoria (or similar)

Our next exploration of Mexican history takes us to the Zapotecan site of Monte Alban. While the name dates to a 16th-century Spanish landowner, previous names come from the Mixtec word Sahandevul, meaning at the foot of the sky, or from the Zapotecan Danibaan, meaning sacred mountain.

In 500 BCE, the Zapotecans moved into the Oaxaca region and began the monumental task of levelling the top of a 5,250ft (1,600m) high mountain that intersects and divides three valleys. Here they built the city of Monte Alban with a maze of subterranean passageways, rooms, drainage and water-storage systems.

We later return to Oaxaca and explore the cobbled streets, vibrant squares and churches of the historical town. We also visit the Museum of Cultures Santo Domingo.

Accommodation: Hotel Oaxaca Real or Hotel Victoria (or similar)

Oaxaca is possibly the most famed region in Mexico for its cuisine and we get more acquainted with it as we head for a cooking class, learning dishes that can easily be recreated at home. The exact menu can change but we generally learn how to make two types of tortilla, three salsas, guacamole, mole, a starter, soup, dessert and drink. We visit a local market where different ingredients are showcased and explained before returning to the restaurant for our class and a delicious lunch.

The afternoon is free to wander around Oaxaca on your own.

Accommodation: Hotel Oaxaca Real or Hotel Victoria (or similar)

A short distance from Oaxaca is Teotitlan del Valle, a village known for colourful, hand-woven rugs and our first stop today. From here, we continue to the Don Agave distillery to taste the agave-based spirit mezcal. After the tasting, we drive to Tehuantepec where we spend the night (the total drive time is about seven hours plus stops)

Accommodation: Hotel Calli (or similar)

Today we drive to San Cristobal (about six hours plus stops), one of the most popular cities in Mexico for visitors. It is filled with cobbled alleyways of whitewashed buildings with red-tiled roofs that lead to plazas and picturesque arcades.

Arriving in San Cristobal in the afternoon, we have a short orientation tour of the historic city before checking into our hotel.

Accommodation: Hotel Diego Mazariegos (or similar)

Today is a free day to explore San Cristobal at your own pace. Wander the colonial streets, take in the lively cafes, or buy handicrafts produced by the local Tzotzil indigenous groups. It’s also possible to do an optional boat trip through the Sumidero Canyon and/or visit one of the traditional Maya communities who live in the villages surrounding the city (see money section for prices).

Accommodation: Hotel Diego Mazariegos (or similar)

The road we take towards Palenque is very windy but picturesque. En route we visit Agua Azul (after about five hours of driving plus stops), a group of beautiful waterfalls that create wonderful natural pools. Due to the strong and unpredictable currents, we do not recommend swimming here.

After our stop, it’s a further 2hr 30min to the town of Palenque, named after the impressive ruins nearby.

Accommodation: Hotel La Aldea del Halach Huinic (or similar)

Emerging from the jungles of Chiapas is one of the most impressive ruins in Mexico: the Mayan site of Palenque. The temples, sanctuaries and pyramids, with sculptured walls and ceilings, are some of the best-preserved and finest examples of Mayan buildings despite the city-state having peaked in the seventh century.

We explore this magnificent site before continuing on the road towards the Yucatan Peninsula and the Caribbean town of Campeche (about five hours plus stops).

Yet another Unesco World Heritage site, the colonial town has impressive city walls built to protect it from the constant attacks by English and Dutch buccaneers and pirates during the 16^th and 17^th centuries.

Accommodation: Hotel Lopez (or similar)

About two hours’ drive from Campeche is our second Maya site: Uxmal. Quite open, it contrasts the jungle ruins of Palenque we visited yesterday. This site, which dates to the Late Classic era (500 CE to 800 CE), features the Pyramid of the Magician; the Nunnery Quadrangle, which has long, elaborately carved facades; and a ball court, where a traditional ball game was played, sometimes ending in human sacrifice.

Having worked up an appetite, we have lunch at a Mayan family restaurant. Here we get to eat pollo pibil and cochinita pibil (slowly cooked pork and chicken). The meat is roasted for about five hours with achiote paste and wrapped in banana leaves.

After lunch, it’s about a 1hr 30min drive to Merida, where several colonial buildings, including the cathedral, were built using stones from nearby Mayan ruins. Arriving mid-afternoon we have a walking tour of Merida, returning later to enjoy the main square, which is particularly delightful at night.

Accommodation: Hotel Caribe (or similar)

Our first stop is the traditional Mayan village of Tixkokob, where local families carry out the age-old craft of hammock weaving and we learn how hammocks are made.

We then continue to Izamal, a one-time Maya settlement now marked as a Pueblo Magico (magic town) by the Mexican government. The town is covered in yellow-and-white buildings and is known for the 16^th-century Franciscan monastery built on top of a huge Maya pyramid.

From here, we transfer to Chichen Itza, possibly the best known and most impressive of all Maya sites (total drive time of about 3hr 30min plus stops).

Accommodation: Hotel Puerta Chichen (or similar)

Our final day starts with a visit to the most famous Maya temple city: Chichen Itza. Having spent the night near the site, we can get in nice and early before the day-trippers arriving from the beach resorts.

Chichen Itza served as the political and economic centre of the Maya civilisation and thrived from around 600 CE to 1200 CE. The pyramid of Kukulkan, the Temple of Chac Mool, the Hall of the Thousand Pillars and the Playing Field of the Prisoners can still be seen today and demonstrate an extraordinary commitment to architecture, space and composition. The pyramid itself was the last, and possibly greatest, of all Maya pyramids.

This afternoon, we drive about 2hr 30min to Cancun airport, where the tour ends.

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